Die Tendenz zur Pathologisierung von Andersartigkeit

Einleitung Menschen werden häufig schief angesehen, verachtet oder pathologisiert, weil sei irgendwie anders sind als der Durchschnitt. In diesem Beitrag soll es vor allem um die Rolle der Pathologisierungen gehen, die vor allem im Bereich der Psychologie und der Psychotherapie zu schnell vorgenommen werden. In einem ersten Abschnitt werden die gesellschaftliche Funktionen von Pathologisierungen beschreiben. … weiterlesen ›

Bruderschaften als Säkularisierungsphänomen

Einleitung Die Idee der Bruderschaften als einer Form von weltlicher Religiosität, die sich von den Pythagoräern bis zu den heutigen Freimaurern erstreckt, hat eine lange und komplexe Geschichte, die in verschiedenen sozialen, religiösen und kulturellen Strukturen verwurzelt ist. Die Elemente des Ausschlusses von Frauen, der Ausbildung von männlichen Hierarchien und des Pflegens von geheimem männlichen … weiterlesen ›

Wegbereiter bei der Erforschung des Unbewussten

Einleitung Im 18., 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert gab es eine Vielzahl von Persönlichkeiten aus verschiedenen Disziplinen, die zur Entdeckung und Erforschung des Unbewussten beitrugen. Zu nennen sind vor allem Literaten wie Rousseau, Hoffmann, Goethe, Moritz, Byron, Shelley, Dostojewski, Poe und Stevenson, Philosophen wie Schopenhauer, Nietzsche und Bergson, Ärzte wie Charcot, Janet, Groddeck und Breuer … weiterlesen ›

Cassirers kritische Theorie über den Anspruch von Klassifikationssystemen auf allgemeine Gültigkeit

Ernst Cassirers Theorie der Klassifikationssysteme Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) war ein Philosoph des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er wurde vor allem wegen seiner Arbeiten im Bereich der Kulturphilosophie und seiner Philosophie der symbolischen Formen bekannt. Seine Theorie, dass alle Klassifikationssysteme Allgemeingültigkeit beanspruchen, ist ein zentrales Thema seiner philosophischen Überlegungen. Cassirer untersuchte in der Nachfolge Immanuel Kants, Wilhelm von … weiterlesen ›

Aspekte des zynischen Utilitarismus

Einleitung Der zynische Utilitarismus ist eine unethische, verantwortungslose Handlungsweise, die moralische und ethische Prinzipien ausschließlich wegen ihres vermeintlichen Vorteils und zweifelhaften Nutzens für eine Mehrheit bzw. ihre Zweckmäßigkeit ohne Rücksicht auf Minderheitenrechte zu vertreten. Im Kontext der Politik führt dieser Ansatz zu einer verächtlichen Banalisierung politischer und sozialer Zusammenhänge, Demontage ethischer Werte und zunehmender Brutalisierung … weiterlesen ›

Brauchen wir noch eine Religion?

Einleitung Religionen als Manifestationen eines Glaubens bestehen zumeist aus drei Aspekten: zunächst dem teleologischen, dem sinnstiftenden Inhalt, der ermöglicht, auf etwas hin leben zu können, zweitens dem Aspekt der religiösen Erfahrung und drittens dem ethischen Aspekt, der sich darstellt in Form von Tabus in Bezug auf etwas Heiliges, auf die Befolgung bestimmter Gesetze, Gebote, Riten, … weiterlesen ›

Philosophisch begründete Ethik im Vergleich mit Grundaussagen der christlichen Ethik im historischen Vergleich

Regeln zur Ethik gibt es bereits in indigenen Gesellschaften, in prähistorischer Zeit und auch in den frühen Hochkulturen wie Ägypten oder China. In der vorchristlichen Antike wird erstmals die Ethik als eigenständige philosophische Disziplin ausgebildet. Die Realisierung des guten Lebens wird zunächst an die soziale Gemeinschaft gebunden. Mit dem Zerfall der Polis als demokratischer Institution … weiterlesen ›

Psychologische Aspekte der Mentalität von modernen im Unterschied zu indigenen Menschen

Einleitung Mentalität und KulturZum Unterschiedlichen Gebrauch der Begriffe Mentalität und Kultur: Mentalität bezieht sich auf die vorherrschenden psychischen und emotionalen Eigenschaften einer Person oder Gruppe. Es handelt sich um Denkmuster und Verhaltensmuster, die oft tief in der Geschichte und den Erfahrungen einer Gruppe verwurzelt sind. Kultur umfasst die Gesamtheit der materiellen und immateriellen Errungenschaften einer … weiterlesen ›

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