Psychotherapie bei Dissoziativer Störung (Konversionsstörung) in Berlin

Informationen zur Dissoziativen Störung

Auf dieser Seite erhalten Sie Informationen zur Psychotherapie bei der Dissoziativen Störung (Konversionsstörung) im Allgemeinen und zum Konzept der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung der Dissoziativen Störung (Konversionsstörung) in meiner Praxis in Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.

Die Dissoziative Störung wurde früher als Konversionsneurose oder Konversionshysterie bezeichnet. Der Begriff der Konversion sollte darauf hindeuten, dass bei diesen Krankheitsbildern, die jetzt unter dem Oberbegriff Konversionsstörung oder Dissoziative Störung zusammengefasst werden, sehr häufig psychische Spannungszustände (Konflikte, unangenehme Erlebnisse) in funktionelle körperliche Symptome umgewandelt -konvertiert – werden. Beispiel: Die unbewusste psychische Vorstellung, unter bestimmten unzumutbaren Bedingungen nicht mehr aufrecht stehen zu können, wird von den Betroffenen ausgedrückt, d.h. szenisch kommuniziert in der körperlichen Unfähigkeit zu stehen oder zu gehen.

Entscheidend für die Diagnose einer Konversionsstörung oder Dissoziativen Störung ist, dass die Betroffenen nicht ursächlich an einer organischen Erkrankung leiden, die dem Beispiel folgend ein Gehen oder Stehen verhindern würde. Vielmehr wird die unbewusste psychische Selbstwahrnehmung in Form eines Krankheitsbildes dargestellt, dass häufig an körperliche Erkrankungen erinnert oder erinnern kann.

Prinzipiell können alle Darstellungen verwendet werden, die überhaupt denkbar sind, so z.B. Lähmungen von Gliedmaßen, Blockaden von Gelenken, unsicherer Gang oder sogar ein epileptischer Anfall.

Psychische Grundmechanismen

Die psychischen Grundmechanismen bei der Konversionsstörung oder Dissoziativen Störung sind einerseits die Verdrängung und andererseits die Identifikation.

Aufgrund der Verdrängung, d.h. der krankheitsbedingten Störung des Erinnerungsvermögens, können die Betroffenen bestimmte Auslösesituationen, Kränkungen und Traumatisierungen nicht mehr spontan und aktiv ins Bewusstsein holen (erinnern) und müssen deshalb den psychischen Tatbestand des Erlebten oder Erlittenen mithilfe des Körpers und ihrer Fähigkeit zur Identifikation szenisch darstellen.

Die Identifikation kann sich dabei auf die Nachahmung von Krankheitsbildern beziehen, von denen die Betroffenen gehört haben oder die sie an anderen beobachtet haben. Grundsätzlich ist aber auch eine Identifikation mit der eigenen Persönlichkeit zu einem anderen Abschnitt der biographischen Entwicklung möglich, sodass Betroffene sich so verhalten, wie sie es in einer anderen Situation gewohnt waren. Dabei wird es ihnen nicht bewusst, dass die aktuelle Situation nicht mehr der früheren Lebenssituation entspricht.

Wichtig bei der Dissoziativen Störung ist die diagnostische Abgrenzung zu neurologisch begründeten Krankheitsbildern einerseits und zu Krankheiten aus dem dem Bereich der Psychosen andererseits. Ursachen für eine Dissoziative Störung können alle Arten von Traumatisierungen, Kränkungen und schambesetzten Erlebnissen sein, und darüberhinaus alle Arten von psychischen Konflikten, die mit Schuldgefühlen und/oder Schamgefühlen verbunden sind.

Betroffenen wird in der Regel in der jeweiligen Kultur Gesellschaft ein niedriger sozialer Status zugewiesen, der es ihnen nicht mehr erlaubt, sich über Herabsetzungen, Kränkungen etc. überhaupt zu beklagen. Wem das Sprechen untersagt wird, dem bleibt im Rahmen der Dissoziation meist nur der Körper als Ausdrucksmittel zur Kommunikation übrig.

In meiner Praxis wird die Dissoziative Störung mit den Methoden der tiefenpsychologisch fundierten Psychotherapie oder der analytischen Psychotherapie behandelt.

Ziel ist eine Aufhebung der Verdrängungen, die Ermöglichung von spontanen Erinnerungen und die Auflösung von dysfunktionalen Identifikationen.

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